Varroa destructor: una amenaza mortal para la colmena de Apis mellifera

Autores/as

  • F. E. Airahuacho Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional José Faustino Sánchez Carrión, Lima, Perú. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7484-0449
  • S. S. Rubina Centro de Educación Técnico Productiva Estatal San Antonio de Padua, UGEL 09, Lima, Perú.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51431/par.v3i1.664

Palabras clave:

Comportamiento higiénico, hemolinfa, kairomona, tejido graso

Resumen

La apicultura en el Perú ha crecido en los últimos años, influenciado principalmente por los cultivos como el palto (Persea americana Mill.), cuya polinización es asistida por los insectos. Sin embargo, cada año las colmenas de abejas enfrentan graves problemas que disminuyen su población, siendo uno de los causantes principales, el parasitismo por el ácaro Varroa destructor. Este ácaro invade celdas de larvas de abejas para reproducirse y evitan ser eliminadas de las mismas por las abejas obreras gracias a una estrategia kairomonal. Varios acaricidas son utilizados para controlar la invasión por varroa, sin embargo, existen reportes que la varroa estaría presentando resistencia a estos plaguicidas, ya sea por mutaciones en los canales de sodio dependientes de voltaje o acetilcolinesterasas, así como un incremento de la actividad desintoxicante. Como alternativa viable a la resistencia de la varroa hacia los acaricidas, se viene seleccionando colmenas con buen comportamiento higiénico, que, mediante acciones específicas como el aseo, minimizan la infestación por el ácaro. La presente revisión expone la información actual relacionada con la biología reproductiva y la alimentación de la varroa dentro de la colmena. Asimismo, describe los posibles mecanismos moleculares que explican la resistencia reportada hacia los acaricidas, proponiéndose la selección de colmenas de buen comportamiento higiénico como estrategia viable para el control de la varroa.

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Citas

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2021-10-22

Cómo citar

Airahuacho, F. E., & Rubina, S. S. (2021). Varroa destructor: una amenaza mortal para la colmena de Apis mellifera. Peruvian Agricultural Research, 3(1), 40–51. https://doi.org/10.51431/par.v3i1.664

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