Limitations and potentials of control methods for Ceratitis capitata and Anastrepha spp. on mango (Mangifera indica L.) in Motupe and Casma, Peru

Abstract

Objective: To determine the limitations and potentialities of the control methods of Ceratitis capitata and Anastrepha spp., proposed and directed by the National Agrarian Health Service , during the years 2006, 2023 and 2025, in the Motupe (La Libertad Region) and Casma (Ancash Region) valleys, Peru. Methodology: The monitoring of fruit fly populations was carried out with the support of the service of the Official Adult Trapping Network and the Official Fruit Sampling Network of the National Fruit Fly Program . Adults were captured using the Multilure and Jackson traps, considering six stations per valley (one trap per 20 ha station). Results: The control measures and methods proposed were effective in significantly reducing the populations of fruit flies, but some factors limited their control effectiveness: financial (end of the Goverment's agreement with the Inter-American Development Bank), climatic (El Niño phenomenon, Cyclone Yaku), social (limited willingness of the farmer to carry out control measures), economic (low mango prices), organizational (very weak and unsustainable farmers' associations) and poor cooperation from state and private institutions (exporters, regional and local government, universities, etc.). Conclusions: Control methods were effective in reducing fruit fly populations, but in 17 years (2006 – 2025), eradication and the declaration of areas free of this pest were not achieved.